
Get all the data you need about the real estate market in Myanmar
SUMMARY
Do foreign buyers have the same property rights in Myanmar? No. Foreigners have one meaningful direct-ownership route through properly registered condominiums, but they still do not have anything close to the land and property rights available to Myanmar citizens.
The word “condominium” does a lot of work here. A tower can look like a condo, be sold like a condo and still fail to give a foreign buyer registrable ownership if the project was not brought properly under the Condominium Law.
Land is the hard boundary. Once direct land ownership is removed, detached houses, villas, shop-houses and many ordinary apartments stop being straightforward foreign purchases, even when the building itself looks perfectly normal.
A registered condominium is a real exception rather than a workaround. The foreigner can hold the unit in their own name, but the building must qualify, the transfer must be registered and the statutory foreign quota must still have room.
The 40% foreign ceiling quietly affects both entry and exit. A foreign buyer may be able to buy a unit today but later discover that selling to another foreigner is harder because the building’s foreign allocation constrains the buyer pool.
Long leases are often marketed as if they replicate ownership. They do not. The 50+10+10-year structure belongs to the investment-law framework and depends on authorization; it is not a generic 70-year residential lease available to any foreign homebuyer.
Company structures are another area where marketing language can outrun the legal reality. The 35% foreign-shareholding threshold can matter for company classification, but owning shares in a Myanmar company is not the same thing as holding personal title to the company’s land.
The financial side can be more restrictive than the title itself. Foreign condo purchases require money to come from overseas in foreign currency, financing is limited, and converting eventual sale proceeds into hard currency and sending them back out can be much harder than completing the original purchase.
Legal due diligence has to go beyond the apartment unit. Buyers need to understand the project’s underlying land rights, common-land registration, developer authority, foreign quota and actual registration path because a finished building or famous developer does not fix a broken legal structure.
Current political, judicial, banking and sanctions conditions make clean documentation unusually important. A valid title still has value, but the practical cost of fixing a dispute, moving money or dealing with a problematic counterparty is much higher than in a market with stable courts and normal banking access.
The safest foreign-buyer case is therefore narrow and fairly boring: a properly registered condominium, quota available, funds remitted correctly, sanctions checks cleared and the unit transferred directly into the buyer’s own name. Once the deal depends on nominees, opaque company structures, land promises or loosely described long leases, the buyer’s position becomes much weaker.
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Can foreigners actually own property in Myanmar today?
Foreigners can legally own some property in Myanmar today, but their rights are much narrower than those of Myanmar citizens.
The clearest route is a unit in a condominium formally registered under Myanmar's Condominium Law. The law allows foreigners to hold registered ownership of qualifying units, subject to the building's foreign-ownership limit.
Almost everything depends on the word “registered.” An apartment advertised as a condo, a serviced residence or a luxury tower does not automatically qualify. The project has to fall under the Condominium Law, the underlying common land has to be registered correctly, and the unit transfer itself has to be registered.
Outside that narrow route, the picture changes quickly. Myanmar's Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law generally prevents foreigners and foreign-owned companies from buying, receiving, mortgaging or otherwise acquiring immovable property. Ordinary land, houses attached to land and many apartments therefore remain outside normal foreign ownership.
So foreigners do have a real ownership route in Myanmar. It simply covers a much smaller part of the property market than the word “ownership” might suggest.
| Property | Myanmar citizen | Foreign buyer | What the foreigner really gets |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qualifying land | Can potentially own | Generally cannot own | No direct ownership |
| House with land | Can acquire subject to title | Generally cannot acquire outright | Usually no direct ownership |
| Ordinary apartment | Can acquire | Foreign ownership is not automatically available | Depends on legal structure |
| Registered condominium | Can own | Can own within foreign quota | Registered unit ownership |
| MIC-approved investment land | Can own/use depending on title | Can lease long term | Land-use right, not title |
Can a foreigner buy land in Myanmar?
No. Foreigners still cannot generally buy land in Myanmar in their own name.
This is the biggest difference between foreign and local property rights. Myanmar's General Administration Department describes the purpose of the immovable-property restriction regime very plainly: land rights are supposed to remain in the hands of Myanmar citizens.
That blocks far more than empty plots. A detached house, villa, shop-house or commercial building will normally depend on rights over the land underneath it. A foreigner therefore cannot reproduce the normal “house plus land” ownership package available to a Myanmar citizen simply by buying the structure.
Myanmar's land system is already complicated for locals because different categories carry different rights. Freehold land, grant land, farmland and state-administered land do not all work the same way. Foreign nationality adds another restriction on top.
This is why the foreign-buyer debate in Myanmar should begin with land. Once land ownership is removed, a large part of the residential market is automatically removed with it.
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Does Myanmar's Condominium Law give foreigners real ownership?
Yes. A properly registered Myanmar condominium gives a foreign buyer genuine legal ownership of the unit.
The Condominium Law allows the transfer to be registered in the owner's name. Once that happens, the owner receives statutory rights over the unit rather than relying only on a private promise from a developer.
Those rights are fairly substantial. The law gives collective owners rights involving sale, leasing, mortgages, inheritance and occupation, subject to the applicable rules. The condominium structure also gives unit owners an interest in the common property associated with the development.
The catch is that the law applies to a specific legal category of building. Myanmar's official service-trade portal still publishes the Condominium Law and its requirements. The developer must register the common land, obtain the necessary permission, complete the building under the condominium regime and register the project properly.
For a foreign residential buyer, this is the strongest form of direct property ownership available in Myanmar. It is much safer than trying to recreate ownership through a side agreement, nominee or informal land structure.
What exactly counts as a condominium that foreigners can buy?
A building has to qualify under Myanmar's Condominium Law; calling an apartment project a “condo” is not enough.
Myanmar's legal framework was designed around multi-storey projects built on registered common land. The law defines a condominium as a building of at least six storeys, while the implementing framework has historically required a land area of at least 20,000 square feet.
More importantly, the land and the building have to go through the condominium registration process. The developer must register the common land, obtain the relevant development permission and register the completed condominium after occupancy approval has been issued.
That creates a major due-diligence difference between two towers that may look identical from the street. One can give a foreign buyer a registrable property right. The other may only give the buyer a contract whose legal value depends on the developer and the underlying structure.
For foreigners, the safest question is very basic: “Can this exact unit be registered in my name under the Condominium Law?” If the answer gets complicated, the transaction deserves much closer scrutiny.
| Check | Why it matters | What the buyer should verify | Red flag |
|---|---|---|---|
| Condominium registration | Determines whether foreign ownership exists | Official registration | Developer only calls it a condo |
| Common-land registration | Supports the legal structure underneath the units | Land and registry records | Unclear underlying land rights |
| Developer authorization | Shows the project followed the condominium process | Licence and permit documents | “Registration will come later” |
| Unit transfer | Creates ownership in the buyer's name | Registered transfer | Sales contract only |
| Foreign quota | Limits foreign acquisitions | Remaining quota | No documentary confirmation |
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Can foreigners buy as many Myanmar condos as local buyers?
No. Foreign buyers face a statutory ceiling that Myanmar citizens do not.
Myanmar's Condominium Law allows up to 40% of a qualifying condominium's saleable area to be sold to foreigners. Recent U.S. government investment guidance also describes the ceiling as 40% of saleable floor area.
The practical point is straightforward. A Myanmar citizen does not consume a foreign quota when buying. A foreigner does.
That becomes especially important in projects popular with international buyers. Once the allowable foreign allocation is full, another foreign purchaser cannot assume that a willing seller and buyer are enough to complete the deal.
The quota can also affect resale. A foreign owner hoping to sell to another foreigner needs the transaction to remain compatible with the building's foreign allocation. That gives the foreign owner a legally smaller potential buyer pool than a local owner has.
Foreign condo ownership in Myanmar is real, but access to it remains rationed.
Do foreigners own the land underneath a Myanmar condo?
Foreign condominium owners receive rights through the project's common property, but they do not gain a separately tradable plot of Myanmar land.
This is how the Condominium Law works alongside the country's broader restriction on foreign land ownership. The land beneath the condominium is registered as common land and forms part of the collective property attached to the units.
A foreign owner therefore has a legal interest connected with that common property. The foreigner cannot carve out a few square metres beneath the building, register them separately and sell them as personal freehold land.
The difference becomes obvious when we compare a condo with a detached house. A qualifying Myanmar citizen may be able to own the house and the underlying land directly. A foreign condominium buyer owns the registered unit and participates in the condominium's collective property structure.
That is a meaningful property right, but it still leaves the foreigner short of the land rights available to citizens.
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Can a foreigner use a 50-year lease instead of buying land?
Yes for certain approved investments, although Myanmar's 50-year lease system is far more limited than a normal foreign homebuyer might expect.
Under the Myanmar Investment Law, a foreign investor with the relevant Myanmar Investment Commission permit or endorsement can lease land or buildings for an initial period of up to 50 years. Two further 10-year extensions can be approved, creating a potential 70-year term.
DICA continues to publish that 50+10+10 framework, and investment approvals are still being processed. Yangon Region's investment committee, for example, continued approving foreign investment projects this year, so the statutory investment system remains operational.
A normal foreign lease starts from a much tighter position. The Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law generally limits leases to foreigners to one year unless an exemption applies. The Investment Law is what creates the much longer route for qualifying investors.
A buyer should therefore be suspicious when a residential property is casually marketed with a “70-year foreign lease.” The useful question is who received the land-right authorization, under which investment approval, and whether the proposed lease actually falls inside it.
| Structure | Initial term | Possible extension | Foreign land ownership | Main route |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ordinary foreign lease | Generally up to 1 year | Depends on exemption | No | Immovable-property law |
| MIC-authorized lease | Up to 50 years | 10 + 10 years | No | Myanmar Investment Law |
| Registered condominium | Ownership rather than lease term | Not applicable | Collective land interest only | Condominium Law |
| Direct land purchase | Not available normally | Not applicable | Generally prohibited | — |
Can foreigners get around Myanmar's land rules through a local company?
A company can sometimes hold rights that an individual foreigner cannot, but a local company is no automatic shortcut to foreign land ownership.
Myanmar's Companies Law created an important 35% threshold. DICA confirms that a Myanmar company can have foreign ownership of up to 35%, directly or indirectly, without being classified as a foreign company under the Companies Law.
That can matter in a genuine commercial joint venture. A company that remains legally Myanmar-owned may be treated differently from a foreign company under parts of the regulatory system.
The danger starts when investors jump from that corporate rule to the conclusion that a foreigner can safely buy land by putting 65% of a company in someone else's name.
The property belongs to the company. The foreign shareholder owns shares, not 35% of the land title in a form that can simply be extracted later. Control also depends on voting arrangements, directors, shareholder agreements and Myanmar company law.
A nominee structure is even weaker if it exists mainly to hide the foreigner's true economic ownership. The foreigner may have supplied 100% of the money while holding little or no registered property right.
For a residential buyer, that is a huge downgrade from having a condominium title registered directly in their own name.
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Can a foreign buyer finance a Myanmar property like a local buyer?
Usually no. Foreign property financing in Myanmar is much more constrained than the financing available to local owners.
The Condominium Law does allow a collective owner to mortgage a registered unit at a bank. That gives qualifying condos a legal basis for secured financing.
The broader rules are far less friendly to foreign interests. The U.S. State Department's detailed investment assessment notes that Myanmar's immovable-property law prohibits mortgages where the mortgage holder is a foreigner, foreign company or foreign bank.
There is also no deep retail mortgage market built around international apartment buyers. That leaves many foreign condominium purchases much closer to cash transactions in practice.
The financing difference becomes important when people compare a Myanmar investment with markets such as Thailand or Malaysia. Even when the purchase price looks attractive, the foreigner's ability to borrow against the asset, refinance it or use international lenders can be far weaker.
Legal ownership of a condo does not bring a foreign buyer the full financial toolkit that normally comes with property ownership.
Do foreign condo buyers have to send the money from abroad?
Yes. Myanmar's Condominium Law requires foreign buyers to purchase qualifying condominium units with foreign currency legally transferred from overseas.
This is one of the clearest ways foreign and local buyers are treated differently. The official text published by Myanmar's service-trade authorities states that developers may sell a unit to a foreigner only using foreign currency legally transferred from abroad.
That makes the banking trail part of the property transaction. A foreign buyer should be able to document where the money came from, how it entered Myanmar and how the bank processed it.
Today that requirement carries more weight because Myanmar's foreign-exchange system is unusually restrictive. The Central Bank and Foreign Exchange Supervisory Committee have imposed extensive conversion and outbound-transfer controls since the coup.
The latest World Bank Myanmar Economic Monitor still describes foreign-exchange shortages and exchange-rate distortions as important constraints on the economy. A buyer has to think about currency risk before signing, rather than treating the remittance as administrative paperwork.
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Can a foreign property owner easily take sale proceeds back out of Myanmar?
No. Getting money out of Myanmar is one of the biggest practical risks for foreign property owners.
Myanmar's investment legislation contains formal rights allowing qualifying foreign investors to transfer and repatriate certain investment proceeds. Banking reality has been much more restrictive.
The U.S. State Department's detailed investment assessment says transfers in and out of Myanmar became extremely restricted because of Central Bank controls, the Foreign Exchange Supervisory Committee, dollar shortages and international banks reducing their exposure to Myanmar transactions.
That matters directly to property owners. Selling a unit and receiving kyat inside Myanmar is only the first part of an exit. The foreign seller may then need to convert those proceeds into another currency and persuade a bank to transfer them overseas.
Those are three separate steps, and success at the first one does not guarantee the other two.
The World Bank's recent economic monitoring shows that foreign-exchange pressure remains part of Myanmar's current economic problem. So even a perfectly valid condo title can carry a currency-exit risk that has little to do with the building itself.
| Stage | What happens | Main foreign-buyer risk | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Purchase funding | Foreign currency enters Myanmar | Documentation and conversion rules | Required for foreign condo purchase |
| Ownership registration | Unit is registered | Administrative compliance | Creates legal ownership |
| Resale | Property is sold | Foreign quota and buyer pool | Can affect liquidity |
| Currency conversion | Sale proceeds may need conversion | FX availability and official rules | Can change realized value |
| Overseas transfer | Funds leave Myanmar | Bank/FESC restrictions | Determines whether profit is actually usable abroad |
How safe are Myanmar property titles today?
Myanmar property titles still require unusually heavy due diligence because land records are fragmented and enforcement is unreliable.
This weakness goes beyond foreign buyers. The U.S. government's investment assessment describes Myanmar land titling as opaque, says property rights are not consistently enforced and notes that there is no fully reliable recording system for mortgages and liens.
Myanmar's own authorities also stress the need to examine the chain of title. Depending on the property, that can mean checking land grants, registry entries, transfers, permitted land use and the historical ownership record.
For condominium buyers, the investigation cannot stop at the apartment door. We also need to know whether the developer had valid rights over the underlying land and whether that land was correctly converted into registered common land for the condominium.
That makes a foreign condo purchase unusually dependent on the legal history of the whole project.
A finished building, occupied apartments and a familiar developer name can all be reassuring. None of those facts replaces title verification.
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Does buying from a big Myanmar developer make the legal risk much smaller?
A strong developer can reduce construction and counterparty risk, but the foreign buyer still needs to verify the project's actual legal status.
Several pieces have to line up. The developer needs valid underlying land rights. The common land needs the correct registration. The condominium must have been approved and registered. The foreign quota must still have room. The buyer's money must enter Myanmar correctly. Finally, the unit transfer needs to be registered.
A large developer is more likely to have lawyers and staff capable of handling that process. Useful, yes. But brand recognition cannot substitute for any of those documents.
This distinction matters particularly in Myanmar because condominium ownership was created as a statutory exception to much broader restrictions on foreign immovable property.
If the exception has not been properly activated for a specific building, the foreign buyer cannot manufacture it through a good sales contract.
The best projects for foreign buyers are the ones where ownership is boring to verify: the registration exists, the quota is documented, the transfer process is clear and the land history makes sense.
Can a foreign owner rely on Myanmar courts if a property dispute starts?
Foreigners can use Myanmar's legal system, but we would assign much less value to court protection today than the written laws suggest.
Myanmar has a formal dispute framework. The country joined the New York Convention, and the 2016 Arbitration Law provides a route for recognizing foreign arbitral awards. The Investment Law also allows unresolved investment disputes to proceed to a competent court or arbitration under the applicable agreement.
Enforcement is where confidence drops.
The latest detailed U.S. investment assessment describes serious concerns about the independence and impartiality of Myanmar's courts after the coup. It also points out that Myanmar has no specialized commercial courts and only a limited track record of enforcing foreign arbitration awards.
For property buyers, this changes the risk calculation. A clean registered title is always valuable, but clean documentation becomes even more important when resolving a later dispute could be slow or unpredictable.
We would put far more weight on preventing a legal problem before purchase than on the idea that a foreign buyer can simply sue later.
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Has Myanmar's political situation changed foreign property rights recently?
The main foreign-ownership laws are still in place, but the environment around those rights has become materially harder.
The Condominium Law still provides the foreign condo route today. DICA still publishes the Myanmar Investment Law and its long-term lease provisions. Investment committees continue to approve both Myanmar and foreign projects.
There has been no broad recent reform giving foreigners equal property rights, and there has been no general abolition of the existing condominium exception either.
What has changed is the practical reliability surrounding those rights.
The latest World Bank Myanmar Economic Monitor still describes an economy under heavy pressure. Businesses continue to deal with foreign-exchange shortages, weak demand, conflict-related disruption and an unpredictable operating environment.
The State Department's investment assessment reaches a similar conclusion from a legal angle, citing deteriorated rule of law, foreign-exchange controls and concerns over judicial independence.
This affects property ownership through banking, resale, construction, registration and dispute enforcement. The title may still exist, but exercising the rights attached to that title has become harder in several areas.
Can sanctions affect an otherwise legal Myanmar property purchase?
Yes. A purchase can comply with Myanmar property law and still run into sanctions or banking problems.
The sanctions environment remains active. The United Kingdom updated its Myanmar sanctions guidance in 2026, while U.S., UK and EU regimes continue to cover designated Myanmar individuals, companies and entities linked to the military and other sanctioned activity.
The property itself does not need to be sanctioned for trouble to appear. Exposure can come through the developer, landowner, bank, shareholder, contractor or ultimate beneficial owner.
International banks may also reject Myanmar-related transfers simply because their compliance departments consider the transaction too difficult or risky to process.
This becomes particularly relevant when a foreigner buys through an offshore company or expects to move money through Singapore, Thailand or another financial centre. A transaction can be legal locally and still fail at the international banking stage.
Sanctions screening should therefore happen before funds move, alongside the title and condominium checks.
| Risk | What can trigger it | Possible result | What to check |
|---|---|---|---|
| Developer exposure | Sanctioned owner or affiliate | Payment blocked | Beneficial ownership |
| Bank exposure | Sanctioned financial institution | Transfer rejected | Receiving and intermediary banks |
| Landowner exposure | Designated person/entity | Legal/compliance problem | Title owner |
| Offshore payment | Bank de-risking | Funds delayed or refused | Banking route |
| Future resale | New sanctions designation | Smaller buyer/payment options | Updated screening before sale |
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Do foreign buyers have the same property rights in Myanmar?
No. Foreign buyers currently have a real but tightly restricted form of property ownership in Myanmar, while Myanmar citizens retain much broader rights.
The difference starts with land. Foreigners generally cannot own it. That alone removes detached houses, most land-based property and many ordinary residential structures from straightforward foreign ownership.
Registered condominiums are the big exception. A qualifying unit can genuinely be registered in a foreigner's name, and that right is stronger than a lease or developer contract. Yet foreigners face the 40% condominium ceiling, overseas-currency requirements and a much narrower choice of property.
Long-term leases can reach 50 years plus two possible 10-year extensions for qualifying investments, although those leases still leave the land with someone else. Corporate structures also create possibilities, especially with the 35% foreign-shareholding threshold for local companies, but owning shares in a Myanmar company does not give the foreign investor personal title to the company's land.
The practical gap has widened further because ownership now sits inside a difficult banking and enforcement environment. Foreign-exchange controls can complicate the eventual exit, international banks may refuse Myanmar-related transfers, sanctions checks matter more, and confidence in judicial enforcement is low.
So the useful rule for a foreign residential buyer is quite narrow. A properly registered condominium, with quota available and title transferred directly into the buyer's name, offers genuine ownership. Once the transaction moves into land, nominees, company structures or unusually long residential leases, the foreigner's rights become much less comparable with those of a Myanmar citizen.
Myanmar has opened one meaningful door to foreign property ownership. It has not created equal property rights.
OUR METHODOLOGY
This analysis tests what foreign property ownership in Myanmar actually means in practice today. We break the question into the parts that determine whether a foreign buyer has a real, usable property right: legal ownership, land rights, condominium registration, foreign-ownership limits, leases, company structures, financing, movement of funds, resale, enforcement and sanctions exposure.
We establish the legal baseline first. The Condominium Law is treated as the main source for direct foreign ownership of qualifying units, while the Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law is used for the broader restrictions on land and immovable property. The Myanmar Investment Law and DICA guidance are then used to separate ordinary residential arrangements from investment-authorized long-term land use.
We do not treat a property marketed as a “condo” as legally equivalent to a registered condominium. The analysis gives more weight to official registration, common-land status, transferability in the buyer's name and remaining foreign quota than to a developer's description of the project.
The same approach is used for company structures. DICA's 35% foreign-shareholding threshold is treated as a company-classification rule, not as proof that a foreign shareholder personally owns the company's land. The distinction between owning shares and owning property title is kept explicit throughout the analysis.
For financing and money movement, we combine the legal framework with current institutional evidence. The Condominium Law establishes the foreign-currency funding requirement for foreign condo purchases, while recent U.S. government and World Bank assessments are used to judge how foreign-exchange controls, bank de-risking and conversion constraints affect a buyer's ability to finance, resell and repatriate proceeds.
We also separate rights on paper from enforcement in practice. Myanmar's Arbitration Law, its accession to the New York Convention and the Investment Law establish formal dispute routes, but recent investment-climate assessments carry more weight when judging judicial independence, commercial enforcement and the practical value of suing after a property dispute starts.
Political and sanctions risk are treated as part of the transaction rather than as a separate macro footnote. Current UK, EU and U.S. sanctions frameworks are relevant because a lawful property purchase can still fail if the developer, landowner, bank, shareholder or payment route involves a designated party or a bank that refuses Myanmar exposure.
We weighted sources by what they are best suited to establish. Primary legislation and regulator material carry the most weight on ownership, registration, quotas, leases and company classification. Recent World Bank and government investment assessments carry more weight on foreign-exchange conditions, banking, enforcement and operating risk.
Key sources used for this analysis include Myanmar's Condominium Law, the Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law, the Myanmar Investment Law, DICA's investment FAQ on long-term land rights, DICA's company-registration guidance, the U.S. State Department's investment climate assessment for Burma, the World Bank's Myanmar Economic Monitor series, Myanmar's Arbitration Law, UNCITRAL's New York Convention status page, UK Myanmar sanctions guidance, the EU's 2026 Myanmar sanctions renewal, and OFAC's Burma-related sanctions program.
Buying real estate in Myanmar can be risky
An increasing number of foreign investors are showing interest. However, 90% of them will make mistakes. Avoid the pitfalls with our comprehensive guide.
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