
Get all the data you need about the real estate market in Kyoto
SUMMARY
We analyzed residential property rental yields in Kyoto, as of May 2026, for foreign individual residential property buyers, using the raw Kyoto rental yield dataset provided. The work compares estimated purchase prices, monthly rents, gross rental yields, and net rental yields across the Kyoto neighborhoods and property types covered in the dataset.
This article is constantly updated and should be read as a current Kyoto residential property yield snapshot, not as a guarantee of future rental income.
The clearest finding is that Kyoto is mainly an apartment and mansion investment market for beginner buyers. Compact apartments, resale condominiums, 1K, 1DK, 1LDK, and selected 2LDK units are easier to standardize than machiya, large detached houses, or tourist-only lodging assets.
Yamashina has the strongest estimated net yield in the table, with studio property net yield at 4.2% and 2-bedroom property net yield at 3.6%. The reason is not premium rent. The reason is lower purchase price.
Kyoto Station / Kujo is the most balanced yield location in the dataset. It combines a 3.5% estimated net yield for studios, 3.3% for 1-bedroom properties, and 3.2% for 2-bedroom properties with strong transport-driven rental demand.
Fushimi-Momoyama is especially interesting for 2-bedroom units. The estimated 2-bedroom purchase price is ¥30.5 million, the estimated monthly rent is ¥142,000, and the estimated net yield is 3.7%, which is one of the stronger family-rental profiles in Kyoto.
Karasuma-Oike / City Hall and Gion / Higashiyama are the weakest pure income areas in the table. They are desirable and liquid, but high purchase prices compress net rental yield to around 2.0% to 2.3% in many segments.
For a beginner foreign buyer, net yield matters more than gross yield. Kyoto building management fees, repair reserves, property tax, city-planning tax, insurance, small repairs, vacancy, and leasing costs can materially reduce the headline return.
The practical takeaway is that the safest Kyoto rental investment is usually a clean, station-accessible 1-bedroom resale apartment in a normal residential building. Prestige areas protect lifestyle and resale better, but they rarely maximize cash yield.
Get fresh and reliable information about the market in Kyoto
Don't base significant investment decisions on outdated data. Get updated and accurate information.
Residential property rental yields in Kyoto in 2026
This table compares residential property rental yields in Kyoto by neighborhood and property type.
For each area, the table shows estimated average purchase price, estimated average monthly rent, gross rental yield, and net rental yield for studio, 1-bedroom, and 2-bedroom properties.
Finally, please note you'll find much more detailed data in our real estate pack about Kyoto.
| Neighborhood | Studio property average purchase price | Studio property average monthly rent | Studio property gross rental yield | Studio property net rental yield | 1-bedroom property average purchase price | 1-bedroom property average monthly rent | 1-bedroom property gross rental yield | 1-bedroom property net rental yield | 2-bedroom property average purchase price | 2-bedroom property average monthly rent | 2-bedroom property gross rental yield | 2-bedroom property net rental yield |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arashiyama / Saga | ¥16.5m | ¥58,000 | 4.2% | 2.8% | ¥26.5m | ¥92,000 | 4.2% | 2.6% | ¥36.5m | ¥138,000 | 4.5% | 2.7% |
| Demachiyanagi / Kyoto University | ¥20.5m | ¥69,000 | 4.0% | 2.7% | ¥34.0m | ¥116,000 | 4.1% | 2.6% | ¥48.0m | ¥165,000 | 4.1% | 2.4% |
| Fushimi-Momoyama | ¥14.0m | ¥57,000 | 4.9% | 3.5% | ¥22.5m | ¥91,000 | 4.9% | 3.3% | ¥30.5m | ¥142,000 | 5.6% | 3.7% |
| Gion / Higashiyama | ¥24.5m | ¥78,000 | 3.8% | 2.2% | ¥40.0m | ¥123,000 | 3.7% | 2.0% | ¥56.0m | ¥182,000 | 3.9% | 2.0% |
| Gojo / Karasuma | ¥22.5m | ¥72,000 | 3.8% | 2.5% | ¥38.0m | ¥121,000 | 3.8% | 2.3% | ¥54.0m | ¥180,000 | 4.0% | 2.3% |
| Karasuma-Oike / City Hall | ¥25.0m | ¥76,000 | 3.6% | 2.3% | ¥43.0m | ¥136,000 | 3.8% | 2.3% | ¥61.0m | ¥190,000 | 3.7% | 2.1% |
| Katsura | ¥14.5m | ¥55,000 | 4.6% | 3.2% | ¥23.5m | ¥87,000 | 4.4% | 3.0% | ¥33.0m | ¥132,000 | 4.8% | 3.1% |
| Kyoto Station / Kujo | ¥17.0m | ¥70,000 | 4.9% | 3.5% | ¥28.0m | ¥112,000 | 4.8% | 3.3% | ¥39.0m | ¥160,000 | 4.9% | 3.2% |
| Nijo / Saiin | ¥16.8m | ¥65,000 | 4.6% | 3.2% | ¥28.5m | ¥105,000 | 4.4% | 2.9% | ¥40.0m | ¥152,000 | 4.6% | 2.9% |
| Yamashina | ¥11.5m | ¥56,000 | 5.8% | 4.2% | ¥19.5m | ¥80,000 | 4.9% | 3.3% | ¥27.0m | ¥122,000 | 5.4% | 3.6% |
Make a profitable investment in Kyoto
Better information leads to better decisions. Save time and money. Download our data.
Which neighborhoods offer the best net yield among areas people actually want to live in Kyoto?
The best net-yield neighborhoods among areas people actually want to live in Kyoto are Kyoto Station / Kujo, Nijo / Saiin, Fushimi-Momoyama, and Yamashina near the station.
Yamashina has the highest estimated net yield in the table. Studio properties show 4.2% net yield, while 2-bedroom properties show 3.6% net yield.
The important detail is that Yamashina’s stronger yield comes from lower purchase prices, not unusually high rent. A studio property is estimated at ¥11.5 million with ¥56,000 monthly rent.
Kyoto Station / Kujo is more balanced. It shows 3.5% net yield for studios, 3.3% for 1-bedroom properties, and 3.2% for 2-bedroom properties, with demand supported by JR, subway, Shinkansen, office, hotel, and service-worker activity.
Nijo / Saiin is a practical middle-market rental area. Its net yields range from 2.9% to 3.2%, which is lower than Yamashina but supported by livability, shopping, transport access, and broader renter demand.
The practical takeaway for a beginner buyer is simple: Yamashina gives more yield, Kyoto Station / Kujo gives better liquidity, and Nijo / Saiin gives a safer everyday residential rental profile.
Where can I find residential properties with above-average yields and below-average entry prices in Kyoto?
The clearest Kyoto value areas with above-average yields and below-average entry prices are Yamashina, Fushimi-Momoyama, Kyoto Station / Kujo, and Nijo / Saiin.
These areas are cheaper than the Chukyo and Shimogyo core, but they still have enough tenant demand to make the rental income credible.
Yamashina is the clearest low-entry example. The studio estimate is ¥11.5 million, and the 1-bedroom estimate is ¥19.5 million, both far below the central Kyoto premium areas in the table.
Fushimi-Momoyama also offers a rational entry point. Its 2-bedroom property estimate is ¥30.5 million with ¥142,000 monthly rent, producing 5.6% gross yield and 3.7% net yield.
Kyoto Station / Kujo is more expensive than Yamashina or Fushimi-Momoyama, but the tenant base is broader. A studio at ¥17.0 million and ¥70,000 monthly rent gives 4.9% gross yield and 3.5% net yield.
The trap is buying cheap but poorly connected stock. In Kyoto, below-average entry price only helps when the unit is still easy to rent and easy to resell.
Where does the rent level justify the purchase price most clearly in Kyoto?
The rent level most clearly justifies the purchase price in Kyoto Station / Kujo, Fushimi-Momoyama, Yamashina, and Nijo / Saiin.
These areas avoid the worst gap between prestige pricing and ordinary residential rent. They are not all equally prestigious, but the rent-to-price relationship is more rational.
Kyoto Station / Kujo stands out because estimated studio rent is ¥70,000 against a purchase price around ¥17.0 million. That gives roughly 4.9% gross yield and 3.5% net yield.
Fushimi-Momoyama’s 2-bedroom estimate is also attractive. The table shows ¥142,000 monthly rent on a ¥30.5 million purchase price, equal to 5.6% gross yield and 3.7% net yield.
By contrast, Gion / Higashiyama has high rents but also high pricing. A 2-bedroom estimate of ¥182,000 per month sounds strong, but on a ¥56.0 million purchase price it produces only about 2.0% net yield.
We have actually built the our real estate pack about Kyoto to make sure you won’t buy in the wrong area. Check it out.
Get to know the market before buying a property in Kyoto
Better information leads to better decisions. Get all the data you need before investing a large amount of money.
Where is the best place to buy if I want stable rental income rather than maximum yield in Kyoto?
The best place to buy for stable rental income rather than maximum yield in Kyoto is usually Nijo / Saiin, Kyoto Station / Kujo, Katsura, or Fushimi-Momoyama.
These areas have broader tenant pools than tourist-heavy or prestige-only areas. They are useful for foreign buyers who want rentability rather than the highest theoretical return.
Nijo / Saiin works because it sits between central access and livable daily infrastructure. Studio net yield is estimated at 3.2%, while 1-bedroom and 2-bedroom net yields are estimated at 2.9%.
Kyoto Station / Kujo has constant tenant flow because the station is Kyoto’s main transport node. It supports studios and 1-bedroom units for workers, students, relocation tenants, and renters who value mobility across Kansai.
Katsura is more family-oriented. Its 2-bedroom net yield is estimated at 3.1%, and the area can be more stable because family tenants often move less often than students or short-stay workers.
The honest interpretation is that stable areas may show lower headline yields than Yamashina. For a beginner, a slightly lower yield with fewer vacancy shocks can be the better investment.
What type of residential property should a beginner investor buy to maximize rental profitability in Kyoto?
A beginner investor in Kyoto should usually buy a resale 1-bedroom apartment or mansion near a station to maximize practical rental profitability.
The 1-bedroom format gives a better balance than a tiny studio or a capital-heavy 2-bedroom. It serves single professionals, couples, graduate students, expats, and relocation tenants.
Studios can produce strong yields in Yamashina and Kyoto Station / Kujo. Yamashina studios show 4.2% net yield, while Kyoto Station / Kujo studios show 3.5% net yield.
But studios also face more turnover, and fixed monthly costs matter more because management fees and repair reserves are large relative to rent.
2-bedroom units work well in Fushimi-Momoyama, Katsura, Yamashina, and Nijo / Saiin. But they require more capital and depend more heavily on family demand, school access, commute patterns, and household budgets.
We give you more details in the our real estate pack about Kyoto.
Which neighborhoods offer strong rental income with the lowest vacancy risk in Kyoto?
The Kyoto neighborhoods that combine strong rental income with lower vacancy risk are Kyoto Station / Kujo, Nijo / Saiin, Karasuma-Oike / City Hall, and Gojo / Karasuma.
These areas have deep renter demand even when they do not produce the highest net rental yield in Kyoto.
Karasuma-Oike and Gojo / Karasuma have lower estimated net yields, often around 2.1% to 2.5%. But they are central, walkable, and liquid, which helps reduce vacancy risk.
Kyoto Station / Kujo gives a better balance between yield and tenant depth. Its studio and 1-bedroom net yields are estimated at 3.5% and 3.3%, stronger than the most expensive central zones.
Nijo / Saiin is the safer mid-market alternative. It is less prestigious than Karasuma-Oike, but its pricing is more forgiving and the tenant pool can be wider.
The honest interpretation is that high rent alone is not enough. The safest rental income in Kyoto comes from areas where many different renters can realistically afford and want the property.
Buying real estate in Kyoto can be risky
An increasing number of foreign investors are showing interest. However, 90% of them will make mistakes. Avoid the pitfalls with our comprehensive guide.
Which areas look overpriced relative to their rental income in Kyoto?
The Kyoto areas that look most overpriced relative to rental income are Karasuma-Oike / City Hall and Gion / Higashiyama.
These are excellent places to live and own, but they are weaker pure rental-yield areas because prices absorb most of the rent advantage.
Karasuma-Oike has the highest estimated purchase prices in the table. A 2-bedroom property at around ¥61.0 million and ¥190,000 monthly rent produces only 3.7% gross yield and 2.1% net yield.
Gion / Higashiyama has the same problem. A 1-bedroom property is estimated at ¥40.0 million with ¥123,000 monthly rent, but the net yield is only 2.0%.
These areas are expensive because of centrality, scarcity, heritage character, walkability, and buyer psychology. Those advantages can help lifestyle value and resale protection.
But for a beginner focused on rental income, best neighborhood and best yield are different things. Kyoto’s prestige areas often make poor cash-yield investments.
Which neighborhoods should I avoid even if the rental yield looks attractive in Kyoto?
Beginner investors should be careful with low-priced Yamashina stock far from stations, older outer Fushimi buildings, and cheap peripheral Minami or Kujo units.
The risk is not the neighborhood name by itself. The risk is weak access, older buildings, limited resale depth, and higher repair needs.
Yamashina near a station is different from Yamashina far from a station. The station-adjacent version can be a real yield play, while the outer version may be cheap because tenant demand is thin.
Outer Fushimi can work when rail access is good. But a cheap older unit with weak station access can have long vacancy, lower resale liquidity, and higher capital expenditure.
Peripheral Kujo and Minami locations also need careful selection. The strongest Kyoto Station / Kujo figures should not be applied blindly to every cheaper property nearby.
The beginner rule is to avoid the cheap equals good yield mistake. A low price only helps when the property is still easy to rent and easy to resell.
Which neighborhoods look risky even though the rental yield is high in Kyoto?
The Kyoto neighborhoods that can look risky despite high yield are Yamashina, weaker outer Fushimi, and peripheral Minami or Kujo.
These areas can show good yields because purchase prices are lower, not because tenant demand is stronger than central Kyoto.
Yamashina’s studio net yield of 4.2% is the highest in the table. But the yield reflects lower entry prices and a weaker prestige profile than central Kyoto.
Peripheral Minami can also look attractive because prices are below central wards. But the rental case changes quickly depending on distance to Kyoto Station, Kujo, subway access, and building quality.
Outer Fushimi has a real family rental market, and the 2-bedroom estimate in Fushimi-Momoyama is strong at 3.7% net yield. But a poor-layout unit far from rail is a different investment.
A safer alternative is Nijo / Saiin or Kyoto Station / Kujo. The yield may be lower than Yamashina’s best cases, but the tenant base is broader.
Don't lose money on your property in Kyoto
100% of people who have lost money there have spent less than 1 hour researching the market. We have reviewed everything there is to know. Grab our guide now.
What neighborhoods should I avoid when buying a rental property in Kyoto?
A beginner should avoid poorly connected outer Yamashina, non-core outer Fushimi, peripheral Minami away from stations, and tourist-dependent Higashiyama assets bought mainly for residential yield.
This is not a full-neighborhood ban. It is a warning against weak versions of otherwise usable Kyoto areas.
Avoid outer Yamashina when the building is far from JR, subway, or Keihan access unless the purchase price is deeply discounted. The table’s best Yamashina yield should be read as a station-accessible opportunity, not a blanket area guarantee.
Avoid outer Fushimi where the property depends on a narrow local tenant pool, weak transport, or dated building stock. Fushimi-Momoyama can work, but the wider Fushimi area is more selective.
Avoid peripheral Minami away from Kyoto Station and Kujo if the low price is the only attractive feature. Rent depth can fall quickly outside the stronger access zones.
Higashiyama should not be avoided as a place to live. It should be avoided for beginner rental-yield buying when the price assumes tourism prestige but the income is ordinary residential rent.
Which neighborhoods are seeing rental demand weaken, and why, in Kyoto?
The Kyoto neighborhoods where rental demand looks more fragile are tourist-heavy Higashiyama, weaker outer Yamashina, and older stock in peripheral Minami or Fushimi.
The issue is not always lower rent. The issue is thinner tenant depth, higher property-specific risk, and weaker resale liquidity.
Higashiyama has a strong tourism brand, but ordinary residential tenants do not always pay enough to justify purchase prices. In the table, Gion / Higashiyama 1-bedroom and 2-bedroom properties both show only 2.0% net yield.
Outer Yamashina can weaken when renters choose better-connected alternatives or newer stock. Older buildings need a lower purchase price to compensate for vacancy and repair risk.
Peripheral Minami and Fushimi are sensitive to station access. Rents can hold near rail nodes but weaken quickly for buildings with poor access or dated layouts.
This is mostly a property-selection issue, not a full neighborhood collapse. Buy only when price, station access, and building condition all support the rent.
Which neighborhoods are seeing new developments that could create stronger rental demand in Kyoto?
The Kyoto neighborhoods most likely to benefit from development and infrastructure-driven demand are Kyoto Station / Kujo, Gojo / Karasuma, Nijo / Saiin, and selected Yamashina station areas.
The important distinction is demand-creating activity versus extra rental competition. Offices, retail, transport links, and daily amenities can deepen tenant demand, while too much competing supply can reduce pricing power.
Kyoto Station / Kujo benefits from transport concentration and continued hotel, office, retail, and service-sector activity. This supports compact apartments for workers and mobile renters.
Gojo / Karasuma benefits from central spillover. It is close enough to Kyoto’s business and tourism core but often cheaper than Karasuma-Oike.
Nijo / Saiin benefits from being a practical residential alternative to the central core. Transport access, retail, and livability support singles, couples, and some small households.
Yamashina can benefit when station-adjacent convenience improves, but new supply must be watched. Newer rentals can compete directly with older investor-owned units.
Thinking of buying real estate in Kyoto?
Acquiring property in a different country is a complex task. Don't fall into common traps – grab our guide and make better decisions.
Which neighborhoods are becoming more attractive to renters because of recent infrastructure or transport changes in Kyoto?
The Kyoto neighborhoods becoming more attractive to renters because of transport access are Kyoto Station / Kujo, Nijo / Saiin, Yamashina station area, and Fushimi-Momoyama.
In Kyoto, rail convenience is one of the strongest rent protectors. A cheaper property without good access can be less attractive than a more expensive property near a useful station.
Kyoto Station / Kujo benefits from JR, Shinkansen, subway, and bus connectivity. Renters pay for the ability to move across Kyoto, Osaka, and the wider Kansai region.
Nijo / Saiin benefits from cross-city access and daily livability. It is not only a commuter location, because shops, food, and services make long-term renting easier.
Yamashina is attractive when the property is close to JR or subway access. The area’s lower purchase price makes transport access especially important for defending yield.
Fushimi-Momoyama works where rail access connects local family life with central Kyoto and Osaka-direction mobility. The benefit is strongest for 2-bedroom units.
Which neighborhoods have become less attractive for property investors over the last 12 months in Kyoto?
The Kyoto neighborhoods that have become less attractive for yield-focused property investors are Karasuma-Oike / City Hall, Gion / Higashiyama, and some older peripheral buildings where costs are rising faster than rent.
Central Kyoto remains desirable, but purchase prices are high relative to achievable residential rent. That makes net rental yield thin for beginner investors.
Karasuma-Oike is the clearest expensive central example. A 2-bedroom property is estimated at ¥61.0 million, with ¥190,000 monthly rent and only 2.1% net yield.
Gion / Higashiyama is especially sensitive because buyer demand includes lifestyle, heritage, tourism, and scarcity value. Those premiums do not always convert into ordinary residential rent.
Older peripheral buildings face a different problem. Even if the price is low, repair reserves, renovation needs, and vacancy risk can compress the real net yield.
These are not bad places to live. They are simply less attractive for a beginner whose main goal is rental income.
Which property types are becoming harder to rent in Kyoto, and in which neighborhoods?
The Kyoto property types becoming harder to rent are overpriced tourist-area apartments, older low-grade studios far from stations, and large units without a clear family tenant pool.
In Higashiyama and Gion, properties bought with tourism expectations can disappoint if they must compete as ordinary residential rentals. The purchase price is often too high for the long-term rent.
In outer Yamashina, Minami, and Fushimi, older studios can struggle when newer, better-located compact units compete for the same renter.
The table shows why this matters. Yamashina studios can work at ¥11.5 million and 4.2% net yield, but the same logic does not apply to every old studio far from access.
Large 2-bedroom units are safer in Katsura, Fushimi-Momoyama, and Nijo / Saiin than in areas without family demand. The same 2-bedroom label behaves differently by neighborhood.
A beginner should avoid unusual layouts, weak repair reserves, old buildings with poor access, and properties whose rent depends on a tenant type that is not deep in that area.
Get the full checklist for your due diligence in Kyoto
Don't repeat the same mistakes others have made before you. Make sure everything is in order before signing your sales contract.
Which bedroom count offers the best balance between entry price, rental yield, and tenant demand in Kyoto?
The bedroom count with the best balance in Kyoto is usually the 1-bedroom property.
A 1-bedroom property is more rentable and livable than a tiny studio, but cheaper and easier to lease than many 2-bedroom units.
Studios have the lowest entry price and can produce strong yields. Yamashina studios show 5.8% gross yield and 4.2% net yield, while Kyoto Station / Kujo studios show 4.9% gross yield and 3.5% net yield.
But studios can bring more turnover and more competition. They also feel the impact of fixed building costs more sharply because management fees and repair reserves matter more relative to rent.
2-bedroom units can be excellent in family-oriented areas like Fushimi-Momoyama, Katsura, and Nijo / Saiin. But in expensive central areas, the higher purchase price often reduces yield.
For a beginner foreign buyer, the safest Kyoto choice is a station-accessible 1-bedroom resale apartment in Kyoto Station / Kujo, Nijo / Saiin, Fushimi-Momoyama, or central Yamashina.
INSIGHTS
These insights are drawn from the Kyoto residential property rental yield dataset, with a focus on what a foreign individual buyer should understand before buying a residential property to rent out.
You’ll find even more insights in our our real estate pack about Kyoto.
- Yamashina has Kyoto’s strongest estimated net yield, but the reason is low purchase price rather than unusually high rent. That makes property selection more important than the area label.
- Kyoto Station / Kujo is the clearest balanced yield market in the dataset. It offers solid net yields across studios, 1-bedroom properties, and 2-bedroom properties while also benefiting from major transport demand.
- Fushimi-Momoyama 2-bedroom units look better than its studios because family demand is deeper. The estimated 3.7% net yield is one of the best risk-adjusted figures in the table.
- Nijo / Saiin is one of Kyoto’s clearest middle-market rental plays. It does not have the highest net yield, but it has transport, shops, daily convenience, and broader renter demand.
- Karasuma-Oike protects lifestyle and liquidity better than cash yield. A buyer may still like the location, but the table shows thin net yields for income-focused investors.
- Gion / Higashiyama rents are high, but prices absorb most of the rental advantage. The area is famous, but fame does not automatically convert into net income.
- Central Kyoto studios are liquid, but their fixed costs can reduce net yield sharply. Management fees, repair reserves, leasing costs, and vacancy matter more than the headline rent.
- 2-bedroom units work best where families actually rent. Fushimi-Momoyama, Katsura, Yamashina, and Nijo / Saiin are more convincing than tourist-heavy or prestige-only districts for this format.
- Katsura offers family stability rather than maximum yield. It is more useful for buyers who value a steadier tenant profile than the highest table number.
- Demachiyanagi benefits from university demand, but 2-bedroom pricing weakens yield. Student and academic demand supports smaller units more naturally than expensive larger stock.
- Kyoto’s best gross yields mostly come from lower purchase prices, not unusually high rents. That means high yield can also signal weaker resale depth or higher property-specific risk.
- Older suburban condos can lift yield but increase repair-reserve and resale risk. A cheap purchase price is helpful only when the building condition and tenant demand are credible.
- Short-term rental logic should not be mixed with normal Kyoto residential yield. Tourist lodging has different rules, taxes, operations, and risk from ordinary long-term residential renting.
- The most beginner-friendly Kyoto product is a well-located 1-bedroom resale apartment. It balances rentability, entry price, tenant depth, and maintenance control better than unusual assets.
- Prestige neighborhoods protect resale better, but rarely maximize cash yield. A foreign buyer should decide early whether the goal is income, lifestyle, capital preservation, or a blend of all three.
Don't sign a document you don't understand in Kyoto
Buying a property over there? We have reviewed all the documents you need to know. Stay out of trouble - grab our comprehensive guide.
OUR METHODOLOGY TO BUILD THIS TRACKER
To estimate purchase price, monthly rent, and rental yield in different Kyoto neighborhoods, we built this dataset ourselves from the ground up. We did not reuse a third-party yield dataset. We manually researched current residential sale and rental listings, then organized the data by neighborhood and property type.
For each neighborhood and property type, we collected comparable sale listings from recognized Japan property platforms such as LIFULL HOME'S, SUUMO, and At Home. We used the property categories shown in the tracker, then compared only listings that were reasonably similar in location, size, condition, and property format.
We cleaned the sale sample manually. Duplicate listings, unrealistic asking prices, luxury outliers, distressed assets, serviced-style offers, incomplete listings, and clearly non-comparable properties were removed before calculating the estimates.
Sale prices were normalized on a local-currency basis, and on a price-per-square-meter basis where possible. We used the median price as the main reference, or the average only when the sample was clean. We then applied a practical adjustment to asking prices when listing quality, liquidity, overpricing, or comparable market evidence suggested that the asking price was not a realistic acquisition price.
We then built the rental side of the dataset manually. For the same neighborhood and property type, we collected rental listings, cleaned the sample for outliers and non-comparable listings, and estimated a realistic monthly rent using the median rent where possible.
The gross rental yield was calculated as: Gross rental yield = annual rent / estimated purchase price.
To estimate net yield, we avoided applying a flat discount across all segments. The deduction was adjusted by neighborhood and property type, reflecting differences in management fees, repair reserves, vacancy risk, maintenance needs, management costs, agent fees, tax friction, repairs, insurance, property tax, city-planning tax, utilities, and property-level operating costs. In other words, a small central apartment, an older suburban mansion, a family 2-bedroom unit, and a house-like asset were not treated as having the same cost profile.
For Kyoto residential property markets, we also paid attention to property-level factors when available. These include building condition, building age, station access, layout, repair reserve burden, rental restrictions, tenant depth, tourism-related rule friction, and resale liquidity.
Each estimate was assigned a confidence level. 30 to 40 comparable listings means higher confidence. 20 to 30 comparable listings means usable but less robust. Below 20 comparable listings means directional only, unless we widened the comparable area.
These estimates are updated regularly and should be read as structured market estimates, not as guarantees of future rental income. Honesty, quality, and rigor are at the core of our work, and they are also what you will find in our real estate pack about Kyoto.
