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SUMMARY
Yes, buying property to rent out in Indonesia can still be worth it today, but the deal needs to work on rental income first. With residential prices barely rising, this is a cash-flow market much more than a capital-gains story.
The headline national yield of 8.22% is attractive, but it hides a very uneven market. Jakarta apartments, Tangerang units, Surabaya apartments and Bali villas can sit in completely different yield ranges, so the national average is useful only as a first filter.
Indonesia's weak price growth is actually part of what makes rental yields look better. When purchase prices stop rising but asking rents remain firm, the rent-to-price relationship improves even without landlords suddenly collecting much more rent.
Jakarta is the most interesting part of the market for conventional buy-to-let, although the eye-catching 12% advertised yield should not be treated as a normal achieved return. The gap between listing-based data and Colliers' much lower institutional yield estimate is too large to ignore.
A genuine 7% to 9% gross return in a well-run Jakarta building is arguably more attractive than a theoretical double-digit yield in an ageing or illiquid project. Building quality, tenant demand and resale depth matter more than chasing the highest spreadsheet number.
Bali is a different investment altogether. Conventional long-term villa yields are much thinner, while the stronger returns usually come from short-term accommodation, which means taking on management, competition, licensing, occupancy and operating risk.
Bali tourism remains strong, but rising visitor numbers do not automatically protect villa returns. The more important question now is whether accommodation supply in the immediate micro-market is growing faster than demand.
Tax and recurring costs materially change the picture. A conventional rental that looks like 8% gross can fall toward the mid-5% range after the 10% tax on gross rent, vacancy, maintenance, service charges and leasing costs.
Foreign investors need a higher hurdle rate than local buyers because ownership structure, lease duration and rupiah exposure can all reduce the economic return. A short leasehold with a mediocre yield is especially hard to defend when the underlying right gets shorter every year, and weak resale liquidity raises the hurdle further because transfer taxes and transaction costs make quick exits expensive.
The practical threshold is fairly simple: a conventional Indonesian rental that can still produce roughly 6% net after realistic recurring costs, with clean ownership and a credible resale market, deserves serious attention. Around 5% becomes debatable; at 3% to 4%, the legal, currency and operating complexity is usually not worth it.
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Is buying property to rent out in Indonesia still worth it?
Yes, buying property to rent out in Indonesia can still be worth it today, but only when the rental income already works without depending on big property-price gains.
Indonesia currently has a strange combination: residential prices are barely moving while advertised rental yields look unusually high. Bank Indonesia's latest residential survey showed primary-market prices rising just 0.69% year on year. At the same time, Global Property Guide's latest listing-based data puts Indonesia's average gross rental yield at 8.22%, one of the higher figures in Asia.
That sounds like an obvious buy-to-let opportunity until we look underneath the national average. Jakarta apartments, suburban Tangerang units and Bali villas behave very differently. Foreign buyers also face ownership rules that Indonesian buyers do not, while a Bali villa rented by the night should really be analysed as a small accommodation business.
So yes, there are good rental investments in Indonesia now. But the attractive part of the market is much narrower than the headline 8.22% yield suggests.
Why do rental yields in Indonesia look so attractive right now?
Indonesia's rental yields look attractive today largely because property prices have gone almost nowhere while asking rents remain relatively high.
Bank Indonesia recorded residential price growth of only 0.69% year on year in its latest primary-market survey. That followed 0.62% in the previous quarter, 0.83% before that and 0.84% before that again. In other words, house-price growth has been below 1% for several consecutive quarters.
Inflation makes that stagnation more obvious. Earlier in 2026, Global Property Guide calculated that Indonesian residential prices were falling by more than 3% year on year in real terms.
Meanwhile, its latest rental dataset produces an 8.22% average gross yield across the Indonesian markets it tracks. The same series was at 5.41% in mid-2025.
We should be careful with that jump. It does not mean Indonesian landlords suddenly started collecting 50% more rent. Part of the yield improvement comes from the denominator: purchase prices have stopped rising.
For buy-to-let investors, that is still useful. Rental income is becoming more important relative to the price paid for the asset. But the current numbers support an income thesis much more strongly than a property-boom thesis.
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Is Indonesian property still going up in value?
No, Indonesian residential property is currently appreciating too slowly to justify buying a rental mainly for capital gains.
Bank Indonesia's latest 0.69% annual increase is tiny. The broader direction has also been remarkably flat: residential price growth has progressively slipped from just over 1% in early 2025 to below 1% throughout the recent quarters.
Sales have been volatile as well. Primary-market transactions fell 25.67% year on year earlier in 2026 before recovering sharply, but even the latest reading was still down 2.36%.
That recovery is encouraging because it suggests the market is stabilising rather than collapsing. It does not yet look like the beginning of a powerful appreciation cycle.
Jakarta gives us an even clearer example. Colliers says developers are currently concentrating on selling completed inventory, preserving official prices and offering flexible payment terms. Speculative buying has also fallen, with end-users taking a larger share of demand.
A landlord buying now should expect rent to do most of the work. If the deal only becomes attractive after assuming 5% or 10% annual price appreciation, we would pass.
Which Indonesian cities actually have the best rental yields?
Jakarta and Tangerang currently look much stronger than Bali for straightforward long-term rental income.
Global Property Guide's latest asking-price dataset puts Jakarta's average apartment yield at about 12%, Tangerang at 9.61%, South Tangerang at 7.69% and Surabaya at 7.57%. Bali villas come in far lower at 4.24%.
Even within Jakarta, the variation is huge. A two-bedroom apartment in South Jakarta works out at about 9.42% gross based on median asking prices and rents. A three-bedroom unit in West Jakarta comes out at only 4.39%. Central Jakarta two-bedroom units are above 12%.
That spread tells us why national averages are dangerous. Two apartments in the same metropolitan area can have completely different economics.
These figures are better used as screening tools than promised returns. Global Property Guide calculates them from advertised prices and rents, so actual transaction prices, negotiated rents, vacancies and building costs can change the result.
Still, the pattern is clear enough: buyers looking mainly for long-term rental income currently have more interesting numbers in Greater Jakarta than in Bali.
| Market | Property type | Latest advertised gross yield | What we make of it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jakarta | Apartments | ~12.0% | Very attractive on paper, but unusually high |
| Tangerang | Apartments | 9.61% | Strong income relative to entry price |
| South Tangerang | Apartments | 7.69% | Good if tenant demand is proven |
| Surabaya | Apartments | 7.57% | Solid, with large differences by unit |
| Bali | Villas | 4.24% | Weak for conventional long-term renting |
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Can Jakarta apartments really yield 12% now?
Some Jakarta apartments can produce very high advertised yields today, but we would not assume that 12% is a normal return across the city's actual investment market.
There is a striking disagreement in the available evidence. Global Property Guide's newest listing analysis calculates an average Jakarta gross yield of roughly 12%, with two-bedroom apartments around 12.2%. Yet Colliers has described actual Jakarta apartment rental yields as having stayed near 4% over the past few years.
The gap is too large to ignore.
Part of it comes from methodology. Global Property Guide divides median advertised annual rent by median advertised sale price across different unit categories. Colliers follows the institutional apartment market and uses a different property universe. Asking rent is also not collected rent, and asking price is not necessarily the price at which an apartment eventually changes hands.
The granular listing data still reveals some interesting opportunities. Global Property Guide currently shows a median two-bedroom Jakarta apartment at roughly $53,700 with advertised rent around $550 per month. That arithmetic gives 12.3% gross. In South Jakarta, where prices are higher, the equivalent two-bedroom yield is closer to 9.4%.
So we would use 12% as evidence that some Jakarta apartments are cheap relative to advertised rents, not as the return an average landlord should automatically expect.
The best deals are likely somewhere between the two datasets: buildings where the purchase price is genuinely low, rents are supported by real tenants and service charges do not swallow the spread.
Is Jakarta a better buy-to-let market than it was a few years ago?
Yes, Jakarta currently looks more interesting for cash-flow investors because apartment prices remain restrained while developers are no longer adding supply aggressively.
Colliers puts total Jakarta apartment stock at roughly 232,000 units and recorded no new project completion in its latest quarterly report. Developers are focusing on existing units rather than rushing another wave of apartments onto the market.
Buyer behaviour has changed too. Speculative purchases have declined, while ready-to-occupy units and end-user demand have become more important.
For a landlord, that combination is healthier than a market dominated by pre-construction speculation. The tenant base needs actual places to live, while developers have less incentive to flood the market with competing investment units.
There is still a trap here. Jakarta contains plenty of older or poorly managed buildings where apartments look cheap because resale demand is weak. A double-digit spreadsheet yield loses much of its appeal if the building deteriorates, maintenance fees rise or selling the unit later becomes difficult.
We would rather own a genuine 7% to 9% return in a strong building than a theoretical 12% return in a project people struggle to resell.
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Why are Bali rental yields so much lower than people expect?
Bali's conventional rental yields are currently much weaker than its reputation as an investment hotspot would suggest.
The latest comparable data puts Bali villas at an average gross yield of only 4.24%. One-bedroom villas are around 3.30%, two-bedroom villas 5.47%, three-bedroom villas 5.24% and larger villas below 3%.
Those figures clash with the double-digit returns frequently advertised by Bali developers and villa sellers because the two calculations usually describe different rental strategies.
A villa rented to one tenant for a year is a conventional residential rental. A villa sold for 20 or 25 nights every month through Airbnb, Booking.com and direct channels is effectively an accommodation business.
The second model can earn considerably more. It can also incur booking commissions, management fees, housekeeping, utilities, pool and garden costs, linen, guest damage, marketing expenses and regular furniture replacement.
Bali property can still produce strong returns, but a buyer expecting passive double-digit rent from an ordinary villa is starting with the wrong assumption.
| Bali villa size | Median asking price | Median monthly long-term rent | Gross yield |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 bedroom | ~$159,800 | ~$440 | 3.30% |
| 2 bedrooms | ~$184,400 | ~$840 | 5.47% |
| 3 bedrooms | ~$240,300 | ~$1,050 | 5.24% |
| 4+ bedrooms | ~$497,300 | ~$1,215 | 2.93% |
Is Bali tourism still strong enough to make Airbnb villas profitable?
Yes, Bali currently has more than enough tourist demand to support profitable short-term rentals, although that demand no longer guarantees that every villa will perform well.
Bali recorded about 6.95 million direct foreign arrivals in 2025, almost 10% more than the year before. Australia alone accounted for more than 23% of international visitors.
The momentum continued into 2026. Bali's statistics agency recorded 553,328 foreign arrivals in April and 578,251 in May. May arrivals were 4.5% higher than April, while occupancy at star-rated hotels reached 61.16%, up from 58.10% a year earlier.
Those are strong numbers.
They also show why people keep building villas. Bali has a large, growing pool of international guests willing to pay for accommodation outside conventional hotels.
The problem now lies on the supply side. An island can add 10% more tourists and still produce falling returns for individual villa owners if rentable accommodation grows even faster.
So Bali tourism is currently doing its job. Whether a particular villa makes money depends increasingly on how much competing accommodation has appeared around it.
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Is Bali getting too crowded with rental villas?
In several Bali micro-markets, yes: competition between villas is now a bigger risk than weak tourist demand.
The useful clue comes from the gap between Bali's different accommodation categories. In May 2026, star-rated hotels were running at 61.16% occupancy. Non-star hotels and other accommodation were only around 37%.
That is an enormous difference for properties serving visitors on the same island.
Ubud shows a similar pattern. One large commercial dataset from villa operator DOMA tracks more than 5,700 active villas in its local market universe, with average occupancy around 63%. The better properties can still generate very attractive returns, while the weaker ones have to compete much harder for the same guests.
Canggu, Uluwatu, Ubud, Seminyak and other popular zones also have different supply pipelines. We would no longer accept an island-wide tourism chart as evidence that a particular villa will remain occupied.
A useful underwriting model now needs comparable listings within the immediate area, actual achieved nightly rates, occupancy by season, new construction nearby and the performance of properties with the same bedroom count.
Bali still has enough visitors. The harder question these days is whether a new villa has any reason to beat the dozens or hundreds of alternatives surrounding it.
Does Indonesia's rental tax kill the yield?
No, Indonesia's rental tax does not destroy a strong buy-to-let return, but it makes mediocre properties noticeably less attractive.
Ordinary income from renting land or buildings is subject to a final 10% income tax on the gross rental amount under Government Regulation 34/2017.
The word gross is important. If a landlord collects IDR100 million in rent, the tax is IDR10 million even if maintenance, vacancy and other costs subsequently consume another IDR20 million.
An 8% gross residential yield therefore becomes 7.2% after this tax alone. A 10% yield becomes 9%. A 4% yield falls to 3.6% before maintenance or vacancy is considered.
Short-term tourist accommodation can fall under a different business and local-tax framework, so an Airbnb-style villa should not simply be modelled using the conventional residential-rent calculation.
The tax itself does not scare us away from high-yield urban rentals. It does make a 3% or 4% gross property much harder to defend.
| Gross residential yield | After 10% tax on gross rent | Yield lost before any other expenses | Initial verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12% | 10.8% | 1.2 pp | Plenty of room |
| 10% | 9.0% | 1.0 pp | Still strong |
| 8% | 7.2% | 0.8 pp | Attractive if costs stay controlled |
| 6% | 5.4% | 0.6 pp | Needs careful cost control |
| 4% | 3.6% | 0.4 pp | Thin before maintenance and vacancy |
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What return can an Indonesian landlord actually keep after costs?
A realistic Indonesian rental can easily end up 1.5 to 3 percentage points below its advertised gross yield, and a holiday villa can lose even more.
Global Property Guide estimates that net yields in Indonesia are commonly around 1.5 to 2 percentage points below gross yields. That is a useful starting point for conventional rentals, although individual buildings can be better or much worse.
Consider an apartment showing 8% gross. The 10% tax on gross residential rent removes 0.8 percentage points immediately. If vacancy, maintenance, service charges and leasing costs consume another 1.5 to 2 percentage points, the owner may end up around 5.2% to 5.7%.
At 12% gross, those same expenses leave much more breathing room.
This is also where current borrowing costs become relevant. Bank Indonesia recently held its policy rate at 5.75%. Mortgage rates vary by bank and product, but leveraged investors cannot assume cheap financing will rescue a low-yield property.
Housing credit remains important: Bank Indonesia says mortgages financed roughly 70% of primary residential purchases in its latest survey. For an investor, however, borrowing only makes sense when the property's underlying rental return is already strong enough.
We would want a conventional Indonesian rental to remain comfortably profitable after assuming some vacancy, recurring repairs and a higher-than-expected service charge. If that stress test destroys the return, the advertised yield was never very useful.
Can foreigners buy Indonesian rental property normally?
No, foreign buyers still face a materially different ownership system from Indonesian citizens, and that changes the buy-to-let calculation.
Indonesia's strongest private land title, Hak Milik, remains reserved for Indonesian citizens. Government Regulation 18/2021 does allow qualifying foreigners with the required immigration documents to own certain residences, including landed homes under Hak Pakai structures and eligible apartment units.
That gives foreigners legitimate routes into the residential market, but it does not give them unrestricted Indonesian freehold ownership.
Bali adds another layer because many properties marketed to international investors are leasehold. A buyer may acquire the right to use a villa and land for 25, 30 or another agreed number of years rather than owning the underlying land indefinitely.
Leasehold changes the mathematics considerably. If an investor buys a 30-year lease and sells after ten years, the next buyer receives an asset with only 20 years left unless an extension is available.
A high rental yield can compensate for that declining tenure, but a low yield cannot.
For foreign investors, we would always calculate returns using the legal interest actually being bought. The villa's physical value alone says very little if the underlying right expires.
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Can a foreigner just buy a Bali villa and put it on Airbnb?
No, a foreign buyer cannot safely assume that owning or controlling a Bali villa automatically gives the right to run it as short-term tourist accommodation.
Indonesia's business classification and OSS licensing system treats villas and other short-term accommodation as commercial activities. That can bring zoning, licensing, tax and operating requirements that do not apply in the same way to ordinary long-term residential letting.
Enforcement has also become harder to dismiss. Earlier in 2026, Bali Governor Wayan Koster publicly told Airbnb that tourism businesses without proper permits or tax compliance should be removed from the platform.
That is a meaningful change in tone. Bali authorities have spent years talking about unlicensed accommodation, but directly involving a major booking platform makes compliance harder for operators to treat as an optional administrative detail.
We would therefore ask four questions before valuing any projected Airbnb income: can this property legally operate as tourist accommodation, which business entity operates it, does the zoning permit that use, and are the required licences and taxes already in place?
A developer's spreadsheet showing 15% projected ROI tells us very little until those questions have clean answers.
Is the rupiah a serious risk for foreign property investors?
Yes, the rupiah can easily remove several percentage points from an Indonesian rental return when the investor ultimately measures wealth in dollars, euros or another foreign currency.
The risk has been visible again recently. Bank Indonesia has kept its policy rate at 5.75% partly because stabilising the rupiah has become a priority amid global volatility.
For property investors, the calculation is simple enough. Suppose an apartment produces an 8% local-currency return while the rupiah loses 5% against the investor's home currency over the same period. The foreign-currency return falls to roughly 3% before allowing for compounding.
A property producing 4% locally could end up negative in foreign-currency terms under the same currency move.
The opposite is also possible. Rupiah appreciation would boost the result.
We cannot predict the currency path reliably, so the practical answer is to demand more yield. A foreign investor earning 7% or 8% net has room to absorb exchange-rate volatility. Someone earning 3% does not.
| Local property return | Rupiah move against investor's currency | Approx. return before compounding |
|---|---|---|
| 10% | -2% | ~8% |
| 8% | -5% | ~3% |
| 6% | -5% | ~1% |
| 4% | -5% | ~-1% |
| 8% | +3% | ~11% |
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Is it easy to sell an Indonesian rental property later?
No, resale liquidity is one of the bigger risks in Indonesian buy-to-let, particularly for mediocre apartments and ageing foreign-owned leaseholds.
Jakarta currently illustrates the problem well. Colliers says speculative apartment demand has weakened, developers are prioritising existing stock and buyers increasingly prefer ready units they actually intend to occupy.
That makes quality more important. A well-run building near employment, transport and established tenant demand can attract both landlords and end-users. A generic investment apartment in a weak project may have a much thinner resale market.
Bali leasehold properties create a different problem. The remaining lease gets shorter every year. A villa bought with 30 years left can be a very different proposition when the owner eventually tries to resell it with 18 or 20 years remaining.
Transaction costs add friction as well. Ordinary property transfers can trigger final income tax of 2.5% of the gross transfer value for the seller, while acquisition duty can reach 5% of the taxable acquisition value, subject to local rules and thresholds. Notary, registration, brokerage and due-diligence costs can add more.
With national residential prices currently rising by less than 1% a year, those costs are difficult to recover through a quick flip.
Indonesia therefore makes more sense as a medium- or long-term rental investment than as a property that we expect to trade in and out of cheaply.
What would make an Indonesian rental property a bad investment today?
An Indonesian rental property looks bad today when the deal needs perfect occupancy, rapid appreciation or a future buyer willing to ignore its weaknesses.
The warning signs tend to appear together. A low gross yield leaves little room for tax and maintenance. Heavy borrowing then compresses cash flow further. In Bali, an expensive leasehold with a short remaining term adds depreciation through time. If short-term rental income also depends on questionable licensing or aggressive occupancy assumptions, the entire return becomes fragile.
Jakarta has its own version of the same problem: buying an apartment only because the advertised yield looks spectacular while ignoring building quality and resale demand.
We would also be wary of any deal whose projected return comes mainly from the developer's own rental assumptions. Independent asking rents, comparable occupied properties and historical building performance are much more valuable.
Right now, the easiest Indonesian properties to reject are those yielding around 3% to 4% gross while carrying legal, operating or currency complexity. There are simply better income opportunities elsewhere in the same country.
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Is buying property to rent out in Indonesia still worth it?
Yes, buying property to rent out in Indonesia is still worth it now, but the best opportunities are cash-flow investments rather than broad bets on Indonesian property prices rising.
The national numbers support that conclusion quite strongly. Residential prices are currently growing by less than 1% a year, while the latest advertised gross rental yield is 8.22%. Indonesia's price-to-rent ratio is around 12 years in Global Property Guide's current comparison, much lower than Thailand at roughly 16 years, Malaysia at 23 and Singapore above 30.
As seen above, Jakarta deserves particular attention, although we would not blindly use the 12% headline yield. The disagreement between listing-based yields and Colliers' much lower market estimate tells us that property selection matters enormously. A well-chosen apartment capable of producing a genuine 7% to 9% gross return looks far more interesting than trying to chase the highest advertised number.
Bali requires another approach. Tourist demand remains strong, but conventional villa yields are currently only around 4.24%. The more exciting returns come from professionally operated short-term accommodation, where owners take on greater licensing, competition, management and occupancy risk.
Foreign investors should be stricter again because ownership structure and currency risk add two problems that domestic buyers may not face in the same way.
Our threshold today would be fairly simple. If a conventional Indonesian rental can still produce roughly 6% net after realistic recurring costs, and the ownership and resale structure are clean, the investment deserves serious attention. Around 5% becomes more debatable. At 3% to 4%, we would usually walk away unless the property has an unusually strong reason to appreciate.
| Rental strategy | Current appeal | Realistic strength | Main weakness | Our verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good Jakarta apartment | High | Rent can be strong relative to purchase price | Huge variation between buildings | One of the best current options |
| Tangerang apartment | High | Lower entry prices with strong advertised yields | Tenant demand depends heavily on location | Worth serious screening |
| Surabaya apartment | Moderate-high | Gross yields above 7% in current data | Less depth than Jakarta | Attractive selectively |
| Bali long-term villa | Low-moderate | Simple operating model | Purchase prices are high relative to rent | Usually too thin |
| Bali short-term villa | Moderate-high | Strong tourism can produce high revenue | Competition, licensing and management | Good business, less passive investment |
| Highly leveraged low-yield property | Low | Little | Financing quickly eats the return | Usually avoid |
| Short foreign leasehold bought for appreciation | Low | Potential tourism exposure | Shrinking tenure and difficult exit | Cash flow must be exceptional |
Indonesia still works for buy-to-let. What we would avoid is buying "Indonesia" as a story.
Today, the stronger strategy is much more specific: buy where people already pay enough rent to justify the purchase price, leave room for tax and bad months, make sure the legal structure actually supports the intended rental business, and assume almost nothing from future capital appreciation.
If those conditions are met, Indonesia remains one of the more interesting rental markets in Asia. If they are not, an 8% national yield will not save the deal.
OUR METHODOLOGY
This analysis tests whether buying property to rent out in Indonesia still makes sense by separating the question into the parts that actually determine the investment result: property-price momentum, rent relative to purchase price, local market differences, operating costs, tax, financing, foreign ownership, currency exposure and resale liquidity.
We did not let one national yield decide the answer. The 8.22% headline gross yield is treated as a screening indicator, then checked against city-level asking rents and prices, Jakarta apartment-market research, Bali villa economics and the costs that sit between gross rent and the return an owner can actually keep.
We also treat long-term residential letting and short-term tourist accommodation as different businesses. A Jakarta apartment leased to a tenant for a year is not underwritten the same way as a Bali villa sold night by night through Airbnb or Booking.com, because the second model brings management, housekeeping, utilities, occupancy, licensing and local business-tax issues into the return.
Where datasets disagree, we keep the disagreement visible rather than averaging it away. The clearest example is Jakarta: Global Property Guide's listing-based figures point to gross yields around 12%, while Colliers has described institutional apartment yields closer to 4%. We use that gap as a reason to look harder at the building, unit, tenant demand and service charges instead of treating either figure as universally correct.
Official Indonesian data is used for the broad market and legal framework. Bank Indonesia anchors residential price growth, primary-market sales, mortgage usage, monetary conditions and rupiah-stability policy. Government regulations and tax authorities anchor rental taxation, land rights, foreign residential ownership and property-transfer taxes.
Bali's tourism case is grounded in official BPS Bali arrival and hotel-occupancy data, then checked against commercial villa-market data where a more granular view of local supply and occupancy is useful. The purpose is to separate strong island-wide tourism from the actual competitiveness of a specific rental micro-market.
For foreign buyers, we calculate the investment around the legal interest being acquired rather than the physical property alone. Hak Milik, Hak Pakai, eligible apartment ownership and leasehold structures do not have the same duration, resale profile or economic value, so tenure is part of the return calculation.
The final threshold is an aggregation of those layers rather than a single formula. We look for a property that still works after realistic tax, vacancy, maintenance and service-charge assumptions, then ask whether the ownership structure is clean, the intended rental activity is legal, the currency risk is tolerable and the exit market is credible.
Key sources used for this analysis include Bank Indonesia's Q2 2026 Residential Property Price Survey, Global Property Guide's Indonesia rental-yield dataset, Global Property Guide's Indonesia residential market analysis, its Indonesia house-price trends series, its price-to-rent comparison, Colliers' Jakarta Apartment Market Report Q2 2026, BPS Bali's full-year 2025 foreign-arrivals release, BPS Bali's April 2026 tourism statistics, BPS Bali's May 2026 tourism statistics, DOMA's Ubud Villa Index, the Directorate General of Taxes on rental income from land and buildings, Bank Indonesia's August 2026 monetary-policy decision, Government Regulation 18/2021 on land rights and foreign residential ownership, the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs / BPN implementing regulation, Indonesia's Basic Agrarian Law, OSS's KBLI classification for villas, Government Regulation 34/2016 on final income tax for property transfers, Law 1/2022 on local taxes including BPHTB, and the Bali Provincial Government's statement on Airbnb and unlicensed accommodation.
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